The overall objective of this publication is to demystify the topic of health care, waste management, and demonstrate that positive improvements are possible in almost every situation with relatively modest levels of effort and investment. It is designed to provide managers and technical staff of health care facilities with the confidence to tackle poor health care, waste management as part of their future programs of work. It provides managers and advisers with an easy-to-read introduction to the subject and technical staff with a reference work. It is not intended to be a prescriptive guideline, but is designed to assist those involved in health care projects across the countries common to the World Bank Middle East and North Africa and WHO Eastern Mediterranean regions. More specifically, it is intended to encourage the inclusion of health care waste management activities as a component of new health care investment and promotion programs in the Region.